In SharePoint 2013, a list can have up to 30 MILLION items. This is the hard-coded limit where it simply won't let you create even a single other item. However, there are other limits to consider:
- List view threshold: 5,000 items
- List view threshold for admins: 20,000 items
- Individual file size limit: 2 GB
- Total site limit for content database: 4 TB
A threshold is the "soft" limit. Once you reach that point, you'll start seeing slowness and other wonky problems. I've had a list that displayed 12,000 items, all at once, in a view. We always had a LOT of problems with that view, however, and it took so long to render that it was practically useless. Once I dialed it down to a more reasonable number under 5000, the problems went away and the list view became useful again.
To see all of the limits for SharePoint 2013, please see this TechNet article. You can select other versions of SharePoint at the top of the article.
Long story short, you're well within parameters having only 30k items in the list. You'll just need to manage your views and compartmentalize the list as needed, so that individual users see only what they need and not all 30,000 at a time.
The setting for the list throttle
- Open the SharePoint Central Administration,
- go to Application Management --> Manage Web Applications
- Click to select the web application that hosts your list (eg. SharePoint - 80)
- At the Ribbon, select the General Settings and select Resource Throttling
- Then, you can see the 5000 List View Threshold limit and you can edit the value you want.
- Click OK to save it.
For addtional reading: http://blogs.msdn.com/b/dinaayoub/archive/2010/04/22/sharepoint-2010-how-to-change-the-list-view-threshold.aspx
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